Philosophy Paradox and Discovery

Preface INTRODUCTION What is Philosophy? Are You a Critical Thinker? A Test Introductory Reading: W. K. Clifford, The Ethics of Belief Further Study PART ONE: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION The Paradoxes of Religion CHAPTER 1: IS THERE A GOD? Problem Introduction Thomas Aquinas, The Five Ways (from Summa Theologica) Thomas Jefferson, God as the Designer of the Universe (from a letter to John Adams) William James, The Will to Believe Paul Kurtz, A Skeptic's Reply (from The New Skepticism and The Transcendental Temptation) Kenneth Miller, Finding Darwin's God CHAPTER 2: THE PROBLEM OF EVIL Problem Introduction Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth John Hick, Free Will, Character Building, and Evil (from The Philosophy of Religion) J. L. Mackie, Evil and Omnipotence Further Study PART TWO: KNOWLEDGE The Paradoxes of Appearance CHAPTER 3: DOUBTING, PERCEIVING, AND THE SELF Problem Introduction Rene Descartes, Meditations Gilbert Ryle, The Myth of the Ghost in the Machine (from The Concept of Mind) Plato, The Allegory of the Cave (from The Republic) Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn, The Limits of Personal Experience (from How to Think about Weird Things) CHAPTER 4: TRUTH Problem Introduction William James, The Pragmatic Test (from Pragmatism) Bertrand Russell, Truth as Correspondence: A Reply to James (from Philosophical Essays) Brand Blanshard, Truth as Coherence (from The Nature of Thought) Further Study PART THREE: FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM The Paradoxes of Freedom CHAPTER 5: FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY Problem Introduction Clarence Darrow, Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of Compulsion Jean-Paul Sartre, Existence Precedes Essence William James, The Dilemma of Determinism Bruce Waller, Chanelle, Sabrina and the Oboe Sidney Hook, Moral Freedom in a Determined World (from The Quest for Being) Further Study PART FOUR: MORALITY The Paradox of Moral Experience CHAPTER 6: RELIGION, SOCIETY AND MORALITY Problem Introduction Richard Furman and Thomas Dew, A Religious Defense of Slavery Paul Kurtz, The Ethics of Humanism Without Religion James Rachels, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism(from The Elements of Moral Philosophy) CHAPTER 7: THE SEARCH FOR OBJECTIVITY Problem Introduction Tara Smith, Principled Egoism: The Only Way to Live(from Viable Values) Immanuel Kant, The Primacy of Duty: The Categorical Imperative (from Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals) John Stuart Mill, The Greatest Happiness Principle (from Utilitarianism) Further Study PART FIVE: POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: GOVERNMENTTHE FOUNDATIONS AND THE CHALLENGES The Paradoxes of Government CHAPTER 8: THE LAW AND THE INDIVIDUAL Problem Introduction PlatO, Our Duty to the Law (from The Crito) Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail CHAPTER 9: DEMOCRACY, DICTATORSHIP, AND COMMUNISM Problem Introduction John Locke, Limited Government: The Natural Rights Approach (from The Second Treatise of Government) John Stuart Mill, Limited Government: The Utilitarian Approach (from On Liberty) Carl Cohen, Unlimited Government: The Legacy of Plato(from Four Systems) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communism CHAPTER 10: 9/11 AND BEYOND Problem Introduction Institute for American Values, What We're Fighting For: A Letter from America David Luban, The War on Terrorism and the End of Human Rights James P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice Peter Singer, Navigating the Ethics of Globalization Further Study Index of Authors and TitlesShipka, Thomas A. is the author of 'Philosophy Paradox and Discovery', published 2003 under ISBN 9780072831894 and ISBN 0072831898.