Introduction to Statistics for Executives

Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 Overview of the Book 1-2 Where to Find Information 1-3 Statistics versus Statistical Techniques 1-4 Statistics in Action 1-5 Bibliography Chapter 2 Descriptive Techniques: Frequency Distributions, Measures of Central Tendency, and Variation 2-1 Analysis of Data 2-2 Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table 2-3 Graphic Analysis 2-4 Measures of Central Tendency: Ungrouped Data 2-5 Mean for Grouped Data 2-6 Computation of the Median for Grouped Data 2-7 Percentiles, Deciles, and Quartiles 2-8 Measures of Variation: Ungrouped Data 2-9 Standard Deviation: Grouped Data 2-10 Chebycheff''s Inequality 2-11 Coefficient of Variation 2-12 Skewness and Kurtosis 2-13 Summary 2-14 Bibliography 2-15 Cases Chapter 3 Probability and Probability Distributions 3-1 Simple Rules of Probability 3-2 Statistical Independence 3-3 Mathematical Expection 3-4 Probabilities in Games of Chance 3-5 Discrete Probability Distributions 3-6 Continuous Probability Distributions 3-7 Summary 3-8 Bibliography 3-9 Cases Chapter 4 Sample Selection and Sampling Theory 4-1 Why Sample? 4-2 Common Uses of Sampling 4-3 Comparison of Sample Survey Methods 4-4 Sample Designs 4-5 Central Limit Theorem 4-6 Confidence Intervals 4-7 Confidence Intervals When o is not Known 4-8 Confidence Intervals for a Proportion 4-9Sample Size 4-10 Summary 4-11 Bibliography 4-12 Cases Chapter 5 Operational Sample Design 5-1 Finite Population Correction Factor 5-2 Sample Size with Finite Correction Factor 5-3 Small Samples 5-4 Sample Size When o is Unknown 5-5 Stratified Sampling 5-6 Clustered Samples 5-7 Summary 5-8 Bibliography 5-9 Cases Chapter 6 Hypothesis Testing 6-1 Type I and Type II Errors 6-2 Null Hypothesis and Scientific Testing Procedure 6-3 Power Curve (Optional Section) 6-4 One-Sample Tests 6-5 Test of a Mean (Small Sample, o Unknown), t Test 6-6 Summary 6-7 Bibliography Chapter 7 Hypothesis Tests: Two and Three-Sample or Larger Sample Tests 7-1 Two-Sample Tests (Large Samples) 7-2 Test of Difference between Means (Small Sample o Unknown) 7-3 Analysis of Variance 7-4 Summary 7-5 Bibliography 7-6 Cases Chapter 8 Nonparametric Methods: Chi-Square Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test 8-1 Methods of Data Classification 8-2 Chi-Square Distribution 8-3 Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit 8-4 Chi-Square Test of Independence 8-5 Kruskal-Wallis Test: A Test of the Difference between Means 8-6 Summary 8-7 Bibliography 8-8 Cases Chapter 9 Nonparametric Tests of Ranks, Runs, and Signs 9-1 Rank-Order Correlation 9-2 Rank-Sum Test (Mann-Whitney) 9-3 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of Goodness of Fit for Ordinal Data (One-Sample Test) 9-4 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of Independence (Two-Sample Test) 9-5 One-Sample Runs Test 9-6 Sign Test 9-7 Summary 9-8 Bibliography 9-9 Cases Chapter 10 Regression Analysis 10-1 Scatter Diagrams 10-2 Fitting a Line to the Data Points 10-3 The Method of Least Squares 10-4 Measuring the Standard Error of Estimate 10-5 The Meaning of the Standard Error of Estimate 10-6 Using the Standard Error of Estimate for a Forecast (Optional) 10-7 Conditions for Using Linear Regression Analysis 10-8 Coefficient of Determination 10-9 Coefficient of Correlation 10-10 Significance of the Coefficient of Determination 10-11 Significance of b, the Regression Coefficient 10-12 Multiple Regression Analysis 10-13 Some Limitations of Regression Analysis 10-14 Summary 10-15 Bibliography 10-16 Cases Chapter 11 Forecasting 11-1 Introduction 11-2 Simple Qualitative Forecasts 11-3 Projecting Time Trends from the Past 11-4 Finding and Projecting Underlying Causes 11-5 Summary 11-6 Bibliography 11-7 Cases Chapter 12 Decision Theory and Bayesian Probability 12-1 Introduction 12-2 Payoff Tables 12-3 Decision Trees 12-4 Expected Value of Perfect Information 12-5 Sensitivity Analysis 12-6 Bayesian Probability 12-7 Decision Making Using Sample Information (Posterior Probability) 12-8 Summary 12-9 Bibliography 12-10 Cases Chapter 13 Index Numbers 13-1 Uses and Characteristics of Index Numbers 13-2 History of Index Numbers 13-3 Unweighted Aggregative Index Numbers 13-4 Unweighted Index of Price Relatives 13-5 Weighted Aggregative Index Numbers 13-6 Weighted Index of Price Relatives 13-7 Problems of Index Number Construction 13-8 Link Relatives 13-9 Computation with Index Numbers 13-10 Quantity Indexes 13-11 Summary 13-12 Bibliography 13-13 Cases Chapter 14 Multivariate Techniques, Data Bases, and Computer Software 14-1 Introduction 14-2 Multivariate Analysis 14-3 Data Bases Available for Business and Social Science Research 14-4 Computer Software Statistics Packages 14-5 Interpretation of Computer Printouts 14-6 Review Questions 14-7 Bibliography Chapter 15 Total Quality Management 15-1 What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? 15-2 Defining Quality 15-3 Process Capability - Can the Process Satisfy Design Criteria? 15-4 Statistical Process Control - Is the Process Stable? 15-5 Process Analysis - Case:Simply Shampoo, Inc. 15-6 Control Charts for Means 15-7 Control Charts for Ranges 15-8 Control Charts for Attributes 15-9 Problems in Using Control Charts in American Industry 15-10 New Approaches to TQM 15-11 Summary 15-12 Bibliography 15-13 Cases Answers to Even-Numbered Problems Appendix: Statistical TablesSobol, Marion Gross is the author of 'Introduction to Statistics for Executives' with ISBN 9780073035802 and ISBN 0073035807.