Age of the Crusades The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517

Introduction: The lands and their peoples. 1. The Near East on the eve of the First Crusade. 2. The First Crusade 1095-1099. 3. The Frankish States and the Muslim Response 1099-1128. 4. Outremer and its People. 5. Zangi and Nur-al-Din 1128-1154. 6. Nur-al-Din and the rise of Saladin 1154-1174. 7. The Ascendancy of Saladin 1174-1193. 8. The Later Ayyubids 1193-1249. 9. Institutions from the Seljukids to the Ayyubids. 10. The Inauguration of the Mamluk Sultanate 1249-1260. 11. The Reign of al-Zahir Baybars 1260-1277 12. The Establishment of the Kalavunid Dynasty 1277-1293 13. The Reign of Nasir Muhammad (1) - the Usurpations 1293-1310. 14. The Reign of al-Nasir Muhammad (2) - the autocracy 1310-1341. 15. The Later Kalavunids and the Circassian Succession 1341-1399. 16. Egypt and Nubia to the late Fourteenth Century. 17. Institutions of the Mamluk Sultanate. 18. Diplomatic and Commercial Relations of the Mamluk Sultanate. 19. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and its Successors. 20. The Mamluk Sultanate in Decline (1) - the Sons and the Household of Barkuk 1399-1461. 21. the Mamluk Sultanate in Decline (2) - the Later Circassian Mamluk Sultans 1461-1517. Conclusion: Retrospect and Prospect.Holt, P. M. is the author of 'Age of the Crusades The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517', published 1989 under ISBN 9780582493025 and ISBN 0582493021.